Walnuts were first cultivated in ancient Persia (now Iran) and the Caspian region, and carried along Silk Road trade routes to Europe and Asia, and later introduced to the Americas by the Spanish in the 1700s. They are among the most exported tree nuts globally, with strong demand in health-conscious markets. The global production of 4 million tonnes is primarily contributed by China, USA, Iran and Turkey.
- Alternate bearing
- Heat damage
- Flower drop
- Poor kernel development